How does it work?

The part of the holding-based approach may be calculated by dividing the holding volume by the overall value of the network, potentially adjusted for lost coins2 . For the transaction-based part, we would need to differentiate between PoW and PoS. In PoW, we may aim at the monetary incentives caused by transactions. To do so, we may attribute emissions of one transaction to the share of its transaction fees. For PoS, we may aim at transaction complexity; that usually stems from a form of gas consumption (e.g., in Ethereum). That seems realistic to us, as more complex transactions (e.g., executing Smart Contracts) are more computationally expensive than other transactions. We suggest not to focus on the monetary value a transaction processes. We are not aware that either in PoW or PoS, the value directly influences the incentives of the miner and therefore on the energy consumption of the network.